Nicotine itself is not addictive, but it strengthens releasing dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reinforcements in the brain, thus causing addictive tendencies in humans. Nicotine is a chemical found in tobacco leaf, the main ingredient in using tobacco and is asked cause addiction and disease in cigarette smokers, (World Health Organization (WHO)).
Nicotine mimics the activities of acetylcholine, a naturally occurring neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and the nerve-muscle junction of skeletal muscles. Acetylcholine strengthens excitability, which then increase heart rate, alertness, and reaction times, (Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989; 97(2): 257-61. ). Because acetylcholine and nicotine are chemically similar, they trigger the same cholinergic receptors in the brain. The nicotine-acetylcholine receptors consist of nerve endings that release dopamine when coupled or bind with nicotine or acetylcholine. Receptors are like cups of coffee having the exact dimensions that will fit a neurotransmitter molecule, such as acetylcholine.
The cup itself is repleat with nerve endings (tips of neurons). It is these nerve endings that release dopamine when the neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds with the cup-like acetylcholine receptors (cholinergic receptors). A reinforcing and reward phenomenon of dopamine develops because the dopamine that is released from the nerve endings triggers a feeling of pleasure in the plaintiff’s brain. The encouragement mechanism is initiated when the brain becomes enslaved by the pleasure caused by the dopamine that is released from the cholinergic receptors. This means that serotonin levels is constantly seeking to be pleasured. So, and what will happen in the case of cigarette smokers is that they’re going to continue to smoke a pipe so the nicotine from the cigarette can induce the release of dopamine in the brain, causing them to feel happy every time they smoke a cigarette, (Nature Reviews Neuroscience 7, 967-975 (December 2006)).
The first time cigarette smokers been cigarette users using tobacco there were only a few cholinergic receptors available because the natural action of acetylcholine only needs the normal amount of receptors offered by nature to do its job. However, the increase concentration of nicotine available caused the normal amounts of cholinergic receptors to become desensitized to the presence of the increased number of nicotine in the cholinergic receptors. This desensitization causes the production or growth and development of more cholinergic receptors. These extra cholinergic receptors will soon become desensitized from the excess nicotine available. Such processes occur until harmony is reached. Harmony is reached when cigarette smokers decide on the amount of using tobacco they will consume or smoke in a given day. At this time, a fixed amount of receptors will be available for the being addicted continue. Smokers will normally say they smoke one or two back packs per day. They said so because of the amount of receptors available to accommodate two back packs of using tobacco in a day.
A detrimental effect of all this is the fact that such large amounts of cholinergic receptors are now available and hungry for nicotine. So, they can stimulate dopamine to pleasure the cigarette smoker. That’s why cigarette smokers have a very difficult time quitting. The best approach therefore for a cigarette smoker to use in quitting is to gradually cut back on the amount of using tobacco been cigarette users in a given time interval.
In addition to the dopamine-inducing effect of nicotine, is the speeding-up of the heart rate by nicotine whenever a cigarette is been cigarette users. From a medical perspective, constantly having an artificial increase in heart rate isn’t a great idea either. For one thing, a constant increase in heart rate by drugs such as nicotine can cause heart problems, (WHO).
According to the World Health Organization, tobacco use leads to diseases having an effect on the heart and bronchi, such as heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer. Most cigarette evoked cancers are lung cancer, cancers of the larynx, mouth, and pancreas. Cigarettes also causes myocardial infarctions, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension. The world Health Organization estimates that tobacco strengthens about 5. 4 million fatalities in 2004 and about 100 million fatalities during the the twentieth century.
In addition to its addictive effects on the central nervous system, cigarettes contains a multitude of cancer-causing agents. They work by executed to DNA causing many ancestral mutations. Nicotine could be the main the most likely culprit that is doing the executed to DNA causing ancestral mutations, that leads to cancer. Nicotine is asked break up the natural processes of apoptosis (programmed cell death) by executed to DNA in cells, (National Institute of Health (NIH)). Costly cells consist of junk DNA and other squander. When apoptosis is inhibited, natural cell death does not occur; instead, costly cells are allowed to proliferate or grow larger, uncontrollably. Precisely what happens in cancer and exactly why cigarette smokers are more susceptible to developing cancers.
When apoptosis is uncontrollably triggered by chemicals, such as nicotine, it causes normal cells to die off. This can be what is happening in the heart structures of cigarette smokers who suffer from heart problems and may be what is taking place in the extremities of cigarette smokers, who often complain of excessive coldness in their kiddy hands, arms, toes, and legs, where circulation is lowest.
There are no existing studies to support this exact explanation. However, based on the comprehension of known scientific proof of apoptosis and the increase in death rates of cigarette smokers, this hypothetical explanation has some credence; and will continue to have credence until proven otherwise! There is something poisonous that is happening to cigarette smokers and nicotine is one of the agents behind it.
The tar in cigarettes is also an agent that sucks all the memories out of cigarette smokers. The lung of a cigarette smoker is just as black as the color of asphalt. It is like a severe piece of lost pot beef roasts. This is why most cigarette smokers have difficulties breathing. It is difficult for air to pass freely down the air tract of smokers. The sad thing is that it is difficult for cigarette smokers to give up. So, they continue down the road of deterioration, day after day, puffing on the silent killer–cigarette smoking.
One very important solution to quitting smoking is smoking one less cigarette a day or even one less cigarette in a month if one less cigarette a day is too steep of an adjustment to the poisonous habit. If one normally smoking cigarettes a pack of using tobacco a day, that individual should remove one of those using tobacco and toss it–throw it in the cash can. Remember that the smoking of using tobacco started gradually. No one started smoking a pack of using tobacco a day in that awful beginning stage of cigarettes. Smoking one less cigarette per a particular time frame will help eliminate the excessive cholinergic receptors that nicotine so really needs.
Wellbutrin is another method for helping people make big savings. Wellbutrin is an antidepressant drug searched by people with depression. However, it is very potent in assisting people kick the poisonous habit of cigarettes. It can be taken while smoking, unlike other smoking cessation agents. Wellbutrin blocks nicotine receptors and weakens the action of dopamine reuptake by neurons, (J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 March; 295(1): 321-7. ).
Cigarette smokers who are interested in quitting should implement an exercise program in their schedule because the lack of nicotine in ex-cigarette smokers causes weight-gain. How do we know this? Former cigarette smokers who kicked the habit complain of putting on weight after they quit smoking. Ask any ex-cigarette smoker. One will hear the same principle. Nicotine induces weight-loss in smokers. This is why most cigarette smokers are skinny or slim. If a cigarette smoker is overweight while cigarettes, then see your face will definitely seek medical assistance because can actually a very dangerous sickness lurking in the shadows.